By Alena Krupko
White space, also known as negative space, is a crucial element of UI design. Despite its name, white space doesn't have to be white – it can be any color, texture, pattern, or even a background image, as long as it's empty.
We can refer to micro and macro white space in UI design. Micro white space refers to the small spaces between individual elements, such as text and images. Macro white space refers to the larger spaces between sections or groups of elements, such as between paragraphs or sections of a page.
White space helps to
- improve the legibility
- design an organised layout
- create sense of hierarchy
- guide user’s attention
- emphasise important information
1. Improves the legibility and readability
White space can also improve legibility (your ability to recognize letters and words) and readability (how well you can scan the content) by making text easier to read. By adding space around text, it becomes easier for the eye to follow the text and distinguish between different lines. This is particularly important for long blocks of text, such as articles or blog posts.
To improve legibility and readability we should consider two main things - paragraph margins and line spacing. Generally, the larger the spacing, the better experience the user will have whilst reading. But you should find the right balance. Too much white space can break it all.
2. Design an organised layout
White space provides breathing room for the user interface, making it feel less cluttered and more inviting. A cluttered user interface can be overwhelming and confusing, leading to frustration and ultimately, a negative experience. The proper use of white space, on the other hand, can improve the overall usability of the interface by making it easier for users to navigate and find the information they need.
3. Create sense of hierarchy
The use of white space can help create a clear visual hierarchy on a user interface. By adding space around important elements, such as headings and buttons, they become more prominent and easier to identify. This helps users quickly and intuitively navigate the interface and find the information they need.
4. Guide user’s attention
Having less information and fewer elements on the page can help bring clarity and focus, and draw attention to the information and elements that are on the page. By adding space around the elements, the design does not look random or chaotic. On the contrary, we direct the user's attention in the right direction.
5. Emphasise important information
White space can be used to emphasize content, such as images, videos, CTA buttons. Making an element bigger or brighter isn’t the only way to draw attention to it. By adding space around the content, it becomes the focal point of the interface and draws the user's attention.
White space can sometimes cause problems between designers and clients. While designers understand the importance of white space in creating an elegant and effective design, clients and managers may view it as wasted space that could be used for more information or visual elements.
However, it's important for designers to educate their clients on the importance of white space and how it can actually improve the user experience by explaining its benefits.
Ultimately, it's important for designers to find a balance between using white space effectively and meeting the needs and expectations of their clients. While white space is a crucial element of design, it's important to communicate with clients and understand their goals and objectives for the project.